Recitation of the Buddha’s Name
Buddha recitation is one of the main practices of the Pure Land.
However, the practice of reciting the name of the Buddha does
exist also in the Theravadin tradition, so it crosses the boundaries
of schools.
Recitation of the Buddha’s name leads to one-pointedness of mind,
or samadhi. The Buddha whose name is evoked in Pure Land
practice is Amitabha Buddha, also known as Amida Butsu in Japanese,
Amituofo in Chinese, A Di Da Phat in Vietnamese.
Although the Buddha taught both monastic and lay people, in ancient
times the Buddhist path was primarily a monastic tradition. Monks
could sit in meditation and study the sutras in the monastery. Lay
people had to work and raise families, many could not read or write,
so their role was primarily to support the monastic sangha.
Pure Land was an attempt to bring the practice to lay people. The practice
that was extremely simple by design - chanting Amitofo’s name. This
method could be practiced by lay people who have to work all day, and
who may not have been literate. It can be done while walking, working in
the fields, and requires no formal training. In other words, it’s a practice
for us laypeople! It’s predicted that this will be the last of the Buddhist
cultivation methods to die out in this world.
Some individuals recite the Amitofo mantra to be reborn in Amitofo’s
Buddha land after their death. This Pure Land is an environment
perfectly conducive to practice – when the birds sing, they sing the
Dharma. When the flowers bloom, they bloom the Dharma. It is an
ideal setting for practice.
However, we can also recite this mantra in order to attain samadhi
and see the “Pure Land” in this very life. We don’t have to view
the Pure Land as a physical place, but as a quality of our own mind.
If we practice in this way, we’re already living in the Pure Land right now.
Practical tips & my experience
The first time I tried this practice it was very moving. I had a deep reaction
to it, and I am glad to be able to share the practice with you today.
1. Know what you’re saying. Do your best to pronounce the name correctly.
2. You can recite loudly or softly depending on the situation.
3. It may be helpful to chant along with a recording.
4. Walking while reciting can be powerful – this closes the sense doors
and is conducive to samadhi.
5. You can use a mala – one name for each bead working around the string.
6. The speed of the recitation can vary - if I’m groggy or feeling lethargic,
quick recitation perks me up. If I’m too energetic, slower recitation calms
my mind. So it’s a very flexible practice.
Circumambulation
Just as prostration, circumambulation is a physical expression of devotion and
veneration for the triple gem. It is typically done in a clockwise direction and
in an odd number of times. There is something special about a circle. Circles
are never ending, they contain no divisions, they convey protection.
Buddhists usually circumamblate around something sacred, such as
stupas, Buddha images, shrines, or holy sites. Some Tibetans circumambulate
Mt. Kailash. The trip is 32 miles at altitudes of up to 19,000 feet. Pilgrims also
go to circumambulate the Bodhi tree.
We do circumambulation every week in our evening services at my temple
in Connecticut. We actually walk around our group of cushions, so we are
circumambulating the community of practice which is lovely.
Practical tips & my experience
1. When in public (like in a city park) don’t walk so slowly that people think you’re strange.
2. Coordinate your breathing with the walking.
3. Focus on the sensations in soles of the feet.
Closing
I would like to close by reading one of my favorite scriptural passages.
It is the final chapter of the Diamond Sutra. In the Diamond Sutra, Subhuti,
a young disciple of the Buddha, asks the Buddha how to respond when
people ask him how to practice. The Buddha acknowledges that this
is a good question. The Buddha’s response comes in the form of dialectics,
which are inherently difficult to explain. But in essence, the Buddha’s answer
is to study, observe, and explain the 6 paramitas (Dana – giving; Sila – precepts;
Kshaniti – patience; Virya – effort; Dhyana – concentration; Prajna – wisdom).
In the final chapter, the Buddha talks about awakening a true, pure faith.
The first time I read this, I wept. Often when I re-read it, I weep. It has awakened
in me a pure, true faith. This translation is taken from The Buddhist Bible,
edited by Dwight Goddard.
Subhuti respectfully enquired of the Lord Buddha, “Honored of the worlds!
In future days, if a disciple hears this teaching or a part of it – a section or
a sentence – will it awaken true faith in his mind?”
“Subhuti, do not doubt it. Even at the remote period of five hundred years
after the nirvana of the Tathagata, there will be those who, practicing charity
and keeping the precepts, will believe in sections and sentences of this Scripture
and will awaken within their minds a true pure faith. You should know, however,
that such disciples, long ago, have planted roots of goodness, not simply before
one Buddha shrine, or two, or five, but before the shrines of a hundred thousand
myriad asamkyas of Buddhas, so that when they ear sentences and sections of
this Scripture there will instantly awaken within their minds a true pure faith.”
Transfer of merit
May any merit gained by this practice and teaching today be transferred to all
sentient beings in all the Dharma realms.
This is a Dharma talk composed by Jennifer Wheeler and Julie Wagner,
given on two different occasions in slightly different forms, at Chuang Yen Monastery.