角色
by 蘇友貞
 切切思語
August 08, 2009 08:38 AM | 710 觀看次數 | 6 6 評論 | 4 4 評論推薦: | 電郵給朋友 | 打印 | 文章連結

亞裔父母對子女選擇職業的態度,已逐漸脫離從前那種不做工程師就得做醫生的固執與狹礙,隨著安全感的建立,亞裔紛紛進入不同行業,廣泛地在美國社會嶄露頭角。唯獨演員這個行業,仍然普遍受到亞裔父母的排斥。這並不一定是出於對「藝人」的偏見,真正的考慮,還是亞裔演員在外形上所受到的先天限制。美國的通俗文化,雖然已對亞裔文化有著前所未有的感性意識,有深度的亞裔角色,卻仍是美國戲劇藝術裡的稀有之物,亞裔演員,不論演技如何精湛,也都難有用武之地。

寫《未央歌》的鹿橋先生在世時,經常講起兒子當演員的挫折經驗。他那位一直有演員夢想的小兒子,雖然在大學裡中規中矩地唸完物理學位,畢業後卻再也不肯妥協,跑去洛杉磯圓夢。幾年下來,機會卻寥落可數,第一次出現在劇情片裡,演的竟是被砍頭的犯人。他驕傲地把錄影帶寄給父母,兩老卻怎麼也不忍觀看兒子人頭落地的鏡頭。

另外一位中國朋友的女兒,也對演員生涯不能忘懷,康乃爾大學畢業後,拋棄所學,投身莎士比亞劇場。但她能爭取到的,也都只是一些沒有族裔 (甚至沒有性別) 特徵的角色── 像《暴風雨》裡飄渺的精靈阿麗兒,或是《仲夏夜之夢》裡的森林小仙人。

美國戲劇不但缺乏亞裔演員可以發揮的角色,偶有的「查理陳」的亞裔角色,也由白人塗深了膚色飾演。這種待遇,正是二十年前激起《西貢小姐》百老匯首演風波的導火線。亞裔角色雲集的《西貢小姐》(三十四個角色中,有二十八個是亞裔),原是亞裔演員夢寐以求的劇本,製作人卻仍決定用英國演員飾演劇中那個歐亞混血的重要角色。亞裔演藝人員強烈抗議,認為製作人剝奪了他們原已稀少的演出機會,並堅持凡有東方血統的角色,都應由亞裔演員擔綱。

這種為族群爭權益的說詞,表面合理,卻也不是全無陷阱,更還有自斷後路的可能。堅持亞裔角色只能由亞裔演員飾演的邏輯,卻間接合理化了白人角色只能由白人飾演的積習,這不僅是亞裔演員進入戲劇主流的阻礙,也與他們力爭卡司應該「跨越種族界限」的努力,完全背道而馳。

後現代主義與文化多元論的興起,稍微鬆緩了族裔界限的僵硬,也提供了亞裔演員飾演主流角色的契機。經由這些文化理論新釋的古典劇本,鼓勵著族裔位移的實驗。前幾年本地劇團演出莎劇《第十二夜》時,就用了兩名亞裔演員飾演劇中的雙生兄妹,用意即在彰顯戲中「另類」(otherness) 成份顛覆與溶合的過程。

但是,要求觀眾打破視覺造型的藩籬,也並非易事。戲劇的原始動力,本就建立在它的「似真性」上。連平日不怎麼與現實掛鉤的歌劇界,都開始有了這樣的訴求。從前只靠歌喉就可以維生的肥胖女高音,也逐漸被形象美好的女高音取代。美音歸美音,演技歸演技,演員的造型,仍然有它不可忽視的戲劇效果。

比如,我在兩年前看過的一個東歐歌劇團,就因造型的缺失,而嚴重影響了戲劇效果。男高音多數矮胖,縱有動人的歌聲,也絲毫不能激發風流倜儻的聯想,更不用說《蝴蝶夫人》那場戲裡令人啼笑皆非的卡司了。飾演蝴蝶夫人的女高音,不但不是東方女人,而且體形龐大,少說也有兩百磅,穿上只宜輕巧的和服,令人不忍卒賭,更使劇中形容蝴蝶輕靈小巧的段落,突然生出了諷刺性的惹笑意味。更不幸的是,蝴蝶夫人自殺身亡的劇終時刻,舞台管理卻出現了技術問題,應該立刻落下的帘幕拒絕下降,強迫觀眾瞪視著躺在台上那墩巨大的身體,直到幾位工作人員上台合力將她拉起,方能謝幕如儀。

所以,「超越」形象的卡司,有著極端難測的效果,不見得能真正解決亞裔演員的困境。最終大概還是要靠更多亞裔劇作家的出現,才能創出真正有意義的亞裔角色。

(世界周刊, 2009-7-26)

評論 (6)
« 歡顏展卷林中坐 張貼於 Friday, Aug 21 at 09:42 AM »
I think Asian Americans have the artistic talents and financial resources to direct their own shows, but they need to be combined for mainstream production. They can either start small as Indie films, or follow the Ang Lee model of mixing the exotic with the familiar, while exploring the universal human experience. Asking and expecting the entrenched enterprise to pay attention to Asian American may not be effective.
« 匿名 張貼於 Saturday, Aug 15 at 01:21 PM »
However, it is not that easy to produce something which would be understood and appreciated by the main stream and at the same time maintains the original cultural standards.

The essential elements are to introduce to the main stream of the minority cultural, so as it is part of the main stream. It is not easy, but has to be forged.

« phantom rocker 張貼於 Friday, Aug 14 at 11:52 AM »
this reminds me of a couple of movies that i saw in the early 90's,[the wedding banquet] and [joy luck club].

i rarely watch chinese movies, i especially dislike tear jerking movies, but mi esposa love them. dragged into the theater as if i had been dragged into gas chamber by my wife only because she promised sex that night. i was totally surprised by the well thought out plot, excellent acting by the casts of [joy luck club], the movie was exceptionally done, and of course, i was caught by my wife while wiping tears off my face.

while walking out of the theater, i found out great majority of the viewers were not asians and it was well packed roomful of people.

the point is, if it is a good movie, there is a market regardless of the movie's main racial orientation.

« 匿名 張貼於 Thursday, Aug 13 at 04:48 AM »
Another possible way of breaking through the cultural gap is to introduce the Chinese art, similar to Bordly Wood of Indian.
« 匿名 張貼於 Thursday, Aug 13 at 04:39 AM »
Although there are limited roles, Chinese soprano has successfully singing in Madam Butterfly.
« 匿名 張貼於 Saturday, Aug 08 at 04:07 PM »
I agree. 造型的缺失,會嚴重影響戲劇效果.

Watched an asian man played a British King in a Shakesperean production once. It simply did not work for me!

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